Micro‐geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales     

Xin‐Rong Li  Min‐Zhu He  Stefan Zerbe  Xiao‐Jun Li  Li‐Chao Liu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(8):932-940

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous communities of diminutive organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses and others associated closely with particles of surface soil, forming a cohesive thin horizontal layer. The ecological roles of BSCs affecting soil nutrient cycling, stability and hydrological processes, influencing the germination and establishment of vascular plants, and serving as habitats for numerous arthropods and microorganism have been well documented. We tested the hypothesis that micro‐geomorphological features determine the spatial distribution of BSCs by reallocating related abiotic resources at small‐ and medium‐scales in the Tengger Desert. Our results showed that higher soil pH and higher total potassium content in topsoil positively correlated with the colonization of cyanobacteria and algae in the earliest successional stages of BSCs, while increasing dust deposition onto the topsoil enhanced the development of lichen and mosses in the later stages of BSCs. Increasing soil moisture raised the proportion of mosses and lichen in BSCs, this will possibly change the ecological functions of BSCs, such as nitrogen‐fixation by cyanobacteria, due to the conversion from a complex to relative simple type of BSC. Micro‐geomorphology has created various habitats at a small‐scale affecting colonization and development of cryptogams. This paper considers the contribution of micro‐geomorphology to biodiversity in the extreme arid desert systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

汕尾电厂临时倾倒区对所在海域及其周边环境的影响     

李壮伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(6)

分析汕尾电厂临时倾倒区2006年倾倒的疏浚泥对所在海域水质、沉积物、生物群落及生物质量等的影响。结果表明,在倾倒过程中,海水中悬浮物、石油类的含量增加,属第三类海水水质;倾倒活动改变了生物群落的水环境,使群落种数减少,多样性、均匀度和丰度降低。倾倒活动结束1个月后,除海水中悬浮物的含量仍属第三类海水水质外,其他污染物含量均符合第二类海水水质标准,底栖生物恢复较缓慢。疏浚泥倾倒对海区沉积物质量和海洋生物质量的影响较小。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮：荒漠昆虫食物链的重要构建者   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

李新荣  陈应武  贾荣亮 《中国沙漠》2008,28(2):245-248

干旱荒漠地区由于水分因子的限制,其植被分布以不连续的高等植物斑块与隐花植物及其结皮的斑块镶嵌为其主要特征,构成了独特的荒漠植被景观格局。作为荒漠生态系统的主要组成者,荒漠昆虫与生境的关系,特别是与高等植物之间的食物链关系已得到大量的文献报道。本文基于野外调查和实验室模拟观测,发现了尖尾东鳖甲(Anatolica mucronata)对藓类结皮有取食现象,哈蛃(Haslundichilis sp.)对地衣结皮有取食现象。证实了生物土壤结皮直接参与了荒漠昆虫食物链和食物网的构成,为深入了解生物土壤结皮在荒漠生态系统中的功能和地位提供了实验证据。  相似文献   

漂浮植物修复技术净化城市河湖水体试验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

黄廷林  戴栋超  王震  解岳  钟建红 《地理科学进展》2006,25(6):62-67

阐述了漂浮栽培植物修复系统的技术原理、特点与系统组成, 研究了在该系统中种植美人 蕉和旱伞草2 种植物的生长状况以及这些植物对城市河湖水体中氮、磷等的净化效果。尝试了将 漂浮栽培植物与生物接触氧化技术结合起来, 并研究了植物与生物填料的组合系统对水质的改 善效果。结果表明, 美人蕉和风车草在漂浮植物修复系统对氨氮的去除率均在90%以上, 漂浮栽 培植物与软性填料的组合系统对水中COD_Mn 的去除率达46%以上。  相似文献   

生物结皮恢复过程中土壤生态因子分异特征   总被引：19，自引：14，他引：5  

吴楠  张元明  张静  王红玲  聂华丽  陈荣毅 《中国沙漠》2007,27(3):397-404

对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮恢复过程中土壤因子的动态变化进行关联性测度、方差分析、相关性分析相结合的定量研究,着重分析结皮恢复年限对土壤微生物数量、养分、盐分、土壤酶的影响,有机质与土壤盐分、pH值、土壤酶的线性关系及土壤生态因子间的相关性。结果表明：相对于土层深度,有机养分、土壤酶等生态因子与生物结皮恢复年限的联系更加紧密。结皮恢复年限对全P、全K、有机质、脲酶、真菌的影响极显著（P<0.01）;对速效P、速效K、全N、总盐、中性碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶的影响显著(P<0.05)。随结皮恢复年限的增加,结皮层和结皮以下土层中有机养分、土壤酶均有不同程度的增加,逐步具备较高的生物学活性,沙土性状变化较快,渐渐形成抗风蚀、抗干扰能力较强的地衣苔藓结皮。结皮恢复过程中pH值与有机质呈显著线性负相关（R2＝0.701,P<0.05）,土壤盐分与有机质存在线性正相关（R2＝0.653）,但显著性不强（P>0.05）。电导率、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶与有机质存在极为显著的线性正相关（R2分别为0.888、0.993、0.958、0.948、0.911,P<0.01）,土壤生态因子的协调发展和紧密配合促进了生物结皮的恢复。  相似文献   

岩溶地区石生蓝藻与岩溶发育关系研究展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂磊 《中国岩溶》2007,26(4):363-368

探讨了国内外石生蓝藻研究的进展,以及石生蓝藻与生物岩溶的可能联系。引入水- 岩- 气- 生物相互作用的整体概念,运用“ CO2 - 水- 碳酸盐”三相耦联开放岩溶动力系统观点,分析了光合原核生物的生命过程及其代谢产物对岩溶系统的可能驱动作用,指出以蓝藻对H2O和CO2 的利用为中心环节,通过研究其在不同小生境、不同类群、不同生态因子下的HCO3- 水平差异,可以为了解藻类的生理机能与生物岩溶强度之间关系提供重要信息。建议在地球生物学的研究尺度下,针对碳酸盐岩表面殖居藻类如何影响其周遍微环境CO2、水文动态进而影响岩溶的效应、蓝藻分泌的胞外有机酸的种类和强度、石生蓝藻碳酸酐酶( CA)活性与生物岩溶关系等问题展开探索。   相似文献   

Effects of biological soil crusts on water infiltration and evaporation Yanchi Ningxia,Maowusu Desert,China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

《国际泥沙研究》2016,(4):311-323

Biological soil crusts serve as a vanguard for improving the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid desertification areas. It is a good indicator of the level of improvement which the local ecological environment is undertaking. In desert areas, water condition is a key factor of improving the ecological environment. As a first layer protection, biological crusts play an important role in local vegetation succession due to their abilities to conserve and maintain moisture. Using Maowusu desert in Yanchi of Ningxia province as an example, after three years of research, this paper chooses three kinds of biological crusts including lichen, moss and cyanobacterial which are under the cover of Artemisia ordosica as research objects. The results of this study indicate that, the closer biological crusts are to Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thicker they become. In the same position of Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thickness of moss crusts is the highest, followed by lichen crusts, and the thickness of cyanobacterial crusts is the lowest. Biological soil crusts coverage protects the natural water content of soil layers from 0 to 5 cm. Also, it effects falling water to infiltrate deeper, and cannot prevent the surface water content from evaporating effectively. The effect of biological crusts blocking water infiltration decreases with the increase of rainfall. At the same rainfall level, moss crusts provide the strongest water infiltration blockage, followed by lichen crusts and cyanobacterial crusts. With the increase of rainfall, the depth of water infiltration increases. At the same rainfall level, the relationship of water infiltration depth is as follows: cyanobacterial crusts 4 lichen crusts 4 moss crusts. With the increase of biological crusts thickness, they blocking water infiltration capacity is stronger, and the depth of water infiltration is smaller. Analysis on the characteristic of simulated rainfall process on biological crusts shows that sandy land can be fixed by applying appropriate artificial biological crusts to build a sustainable forest pro-tection system and to create a stable ecosystem in desertification area.  相似文献   

Differences in Leaf Functional Traits Between Rhus typhina and Native Species          下载免费PDF全文

Congyan Wang  Jun Liu  Hongguang Xiao  Jiawei Zhou 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1591-1597

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Altering intertidal sediment topography: effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning     

Diane Jones  & Chris L. J. Frid 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(S1):83-96

Sedimentary marine systems are often highly productive and perform important nutrient regeneration functions as they efficiently decompose organic material. In recent years the role of habitat effects and of species composition in ecosystem functioning has become of interest. Estuarine environments are frequently subject to considerable anthropogenic pressures whilst supporting a variety of habitats ranging from well sorted soft muds through biogenically stable sediments to highly mobile coarse sands. There is therefore considerable spatial complexity in habitat type and faunal composition. This study set out to observe the effects of altering the topographical habitat features of an estuarine mudflat on a range of porewater nutrient concentrations (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, PO₄³⁻ and SiO) collected from four depths (3, 5, 9, and 12 cm) and on faunal composition. Two treatments (Shelled Nets and Net Controls) were used to alter the topography from simple mud to a mussel shell crumble and were compared to un-manipulated Control areas. Sediment granulometry and organic matter content analyses alongside biological traits analysis of the fauna were also conducted.
Differences were observed in porewater nutrient concentrations between the Control and both netted treatments at 5 cm depth only; the species diversity and abundance were also different in the netted treatments compared to the Controls, although no difference between the two manipulated treatments were observed. The changes in faunal composition were attributed solely to the altered topography and the observed nutrient changes were attributed to the faunal alteration rather than the topographical manipulation.  相似文献   

牙鲆GHR基因Promoter区微卫星序列多态性与生长性状关系的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

倪静  尤锋  于深辉  张培军  徐冬冬  吴志昊  文爱韵  徐永立 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(5)

采用牙鲆GHR基因5'端Promoter区的1个微卫星标记,对胶南和日照2个牙鲆养殖群体进行了群体遗传多样性的研究,并探索该基因多态性位点与牙鲆生长性状之间的相关性.结果表明,2个群体在该座位的等位基因数为12和9个,有效等位基因数为6.26和5.04个,多态信息含量为0.84和0.80.2个群体该座位的Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数均为正值,并没有显示出杂合子缺失,但各基因型分布频率都在一定程度上偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01).连锁分析中发现,在胶南群体中,IM基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体长、头长、体高和眼径形态学数据中均是最大的;在日照群体中,BC基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和眼径数据中均是最大的;而CJ基因型对应的个体在体长和头长这两组数据中是最大的.该结果为研究GHR基因的变异对鱼类生长发育的影响及探索将该基因作为生长遗传标记的可行性奠定了实验基础.  相似文献